Paid-up capital is the aggregate estimation of offers the organization has issued. Paid-up capital can never surpass Authorised capital. Henceforth, if an organization having an approved capital or Authorised capital of Rs.10 lakhs and paid-up capital of Rs.10 lakhs might want to enlist new investors, it can do as such either by:
1. Expanding Authorised Share capital and issuing new offers. (or on the other hand)
2. Exchanging shares from existing investors to the new investors.
Procedure for Increase in Paid up share capital of the private limited company
A company many increase paid-up capital by issuing securities through right issue and bonus issue and also through private placement. A Private Company can either issue shares to its existing shareholders by way of rights issue or by way of giving them bonus shares or it can issue securities through private placements.
Private placement involves offering of securities or an invitation to subscribe securities by issuing offer letter. The offer of securities or invitation to subscribe securities shall be made to not more than two hundred persons in the aggregate in a financial year but excluding qualified institutional buyers and employees of the company being offered securities. This restriction would be reckoned individually for each kind of security that is equity share, preference share or debenture (i.e. 200 for equity shares, 200 for preference shares and 200 for debentures).
The value of such offer or invitation per person shall be with an investment size of not less than twenty thousand rupees of face value of the securities.
Companies to which this condition is not applicable:
Non-Banking Financial Companies
Housing Finance Companies
Payment: The payment for the subscription of securities shall be made from the bank account of the person subscribing to the securities and the company shall keep the record of the Bank account details from where such payments for subscriptions have been received.
The offer letter has to be accompanied by an application form serially numbered and addressed specifically to the person to whom the offer is made and shall be sent to him, either in writing or in electronic mode, within thirty days of recording the names of such persons.
The offer letter has to be previously approved by the shareholders of the company, by a Special Resolution, for each of the Offers or Invitations.
Non-Convertible Debentures: Talking about non-convertible debentures, it will be sufficient if a company passes a previous special resolution only once in a year for all the offers or invitation for such debentures during the year.
Restrictions of offers and invitation: No fresh offer or invitation shall be made unless the allotments with respect to any offer or invitation made earlier have been completed or withdrawn or abandoned by the company. For example of a company issuing equity shares then it cannot issue preference shares or debentures until procedure of equity shares is completed.
Allotment of securities: Company can allot its securities within 60 days from the date of receipt of the application money for such securities and if the company is not able to allot the securities within that period, it shall repay the application money to the subscribers within fifteen days from the date of completion of sixty days and if the company fails to repay the application money within the aforesaid period, it shall be liable to repay that money with interest at the rate of twelve per cent per annum from the expiry of the sixtieth day.
A right issue is an invitation to the existing shareholders to purchase additional new and fresh shares in the company. Instead of approaching the public, they prefer offering these shares to their existing shareholders. This type of issue gives the shareholders securities called rights. The existing shareholders can purchase new shares at a discount to the market price on a stated future date. The company is giving shareholders a chance to increase their exposure to the stock at a discount price.
Important Notes to keep in mind:
A right issue is one way for a company to raise capital often to pay down debt.
Shareholders can buy new shares at discount for a period of time.
As more shares are issued to the market with right issue, the stock price is diluted and will likely go down.
If a company wishes to increase its paid up capital, it can increase it by offering Right issue of shares. Right Issue can be offered to only:
The existing shareholders.
To employees under a scheme of employees’ stock option, subject to special resolution passed by company.
To any persons, if it is authorised by a special resolution, whether or not those persons include the persons referred to in clause (a) or clause (b), either for cash or for a consideration other than cash, if the price of such shares is determined by the valuation report of a registered value.
Preferential Allotment is the process by which allotment of securities/shares is done on a preferential basis to a select group of investors. In this Company makes bulk allotment of Shares/ Securities to individuals, companies, venture capitalists or any other person through a fresh issue of shares.
If authorised by a Special Resolution passes in a general meeting, a company may issue shares in any manner whatsoever including by way of a preferential offer. A valuation report of registered value determining the price of shares is also mandatory.
Sweat equity shares means such equity shares as are issued by a company to its directors or employees at a discount or for consideration, other than cash, for providing their know-how or making available rights in the nature of intellectual property rights or value additions, by whatever name called. Such shares can only be issued to:
A permanent employee of the company who has been working in India or outside India, for at least last one year; or
To a director of the company, whether a whole time director or not; or
An employee or a director mentioned above of a subsidiary, in India or outside India, or of a holding company of the company.
A company may convert loans raised by the company or debentures issued by the company into shares by passing of special resolution, if there is such a term attached to the debentures issued or loan raised by the company to convert such debentures or loans into shares in the company.
Bonus Shares are shares given to the existing shareholders in proportion to the number of shares they hold. They are additional shares given to the current shareholders. It is the further issue of shares by a company to its existing shareholders without any receipt of any consideration. For Example if investor holds 100 shares of a company and a company declares 2:1 bonus offer, his holding of shares will now be 300 instead of 100. While Issue of Bonus Shares increases the total number of shares issued and owned, it does not increase the value of the Company, the ratio of number of shares held by each shareholder remains constant.
Benefits of issue of bonus shares:
To increase retail participation, increase of the equity base of the company.
Increase in the number of shares by bonus issue, reduces the price per share. It becomes easy for an investor to buy shares of that particular company.
Bonus share is a sign of a good health of a company.
The investor does not need to pay any tax upon receiving the bonus shares.
Bonus issue allows the company to conserve cash for reinvesting back into the business.
Increase in issued share capital increases the perception of company size.